Everything about The Southeastern Iberian Script totally explained
The
southeastern Iberian script, also known as
Meridional Iberian, was one of the means of written expression of the
Iberian language, which was written mainly in the
northeastern Iberian script and residually by the
Greco-Iberian alphabet. About the relation between northeastern Iberian and southeastern Iberian scripts, it's necessary to point out that they're two different scripts with different values for the same signs; however it's clear that they'd a common origin and the most accepted hypothesis is that northeastern Iberian script derives from southeastern Iberian script. In fact, the southeastern Iberian script is very similar, both considering the shape of the signs or his value, to the
Southwestern script used to represent an unknown language usually named
Tartessian. The main difference is that southeastern Iberian script doesn’t show the vocalic redundancy of the syllabic signs. Unlike the
northeastern Iberian script the decipherment of the southeastern Iberian script isn't yet complete, because there are a significant number of signs on which scholars have not yet reached a consensus. Also unlike the
northeastern Iberian script the southeastern Iberian script doesn’t show any system to differentiate between
voiced and
unvoiced occlusives.
All the
paleohispanic scripts, with the exception of the
Greco-Iberian alphabet, share a common distinctive typological characteristic: they represent syllabic value for the
occlusives, and monophonemic value for the rest of the
consonants and
vowels. From the
writing systems point of view they're neither
alphabets nor
syllabaries; rather, they're mixed scripts that normally are identified as
semi-syllabaries. There is no agreement about how the
paleohispanic semi-syllabaries originated; some researchers conclude that their origin is linked only to the
Phoenician alphabet, while others believe the
Greek alphabet exercised some influence.
The inscriptions that use the southeastern Iberian script had been found mainly in the southeastern quadrant of the
Iberian Peninsula: eastern
Andalusia,
Murcia,
Albacete,
Alacant and
València. The southeastern Iberian inscriptions were made on different object types (
silver and
bronze coins, silver and
ceramic recipients,
lead plaques, stones, etc.), but they number around 50 and represent more or less only 2% of the total found. Between them there are the lead plaque from Gador (
Almeria) and the lead plaque from La Bastida de les Alcuses (
Moixent,
València). The inscriptions that use this script almost always use the right to left direction of writing. The oldest inscriptions in southeastern Iberian script date to the 4th century BCE, and the modern ones date from the end of the 2nd century BCE.
Bibliography
- Correa, José Antonio (2004): «Los semisilabarios ibéricos: algunas cuestiones», ELEA 4, pp. 75-98.
- Hoz, Javier de (1989): «El desarrollo de la escritura y las lenguas de la zona meridional», Tartessos, pp.523-587.
- Rodríguez Ramos, Jesús (2002): «La escritura ibérica meridional», Zephyrus 55, pp. 231-245.
- Untermann, Jürgen (1990): Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum. III Die iberischen Inschriften aus Spanien, Wiesbaden.
- Velaza, Javier (1996): Epigrafía y lengua ibéricas, Barcelona.
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